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Кой е Еванджелиста Торичели? , изобретението на барометър
Еванджелиста Торичели е роден на 15 октомври, 1608, в италианския град Фаенца, умира на 5 октомври 1647 във Флоренция. Той е известният италиански физика и математика учен, известен с експериментите си на открито налягане.
Той обърна внимание на детството си любопитство за математиката. През 1627. той отиде в Рим и работи с Бенедето Castelli, основател на хидравликата науката и търсенето на Галилей. Той започва кореспонденция с Галилей през 1641. Същата година, по препоръка на Castelli, "Галилео" поканени Торичели в Тоскана. Няколко седмици след срещата с "Галилео", когато Галилей умира, той прехвърля Торичели, Великият херцог на Тоскана, в офиса си. През 1644. той публикува книга за геометрията и механиката. В тази книга, която запълва важна празнина в областта на математиката, първата работа на механиката на Галилео, общите гравитационни центрове на взаимосвързани тела, се движат надолу, а на принципа на внезапни движения може да бъде той се свързва.
Вместо вода, Торичели имаше мъдрост, за да постави мацка (течна мина), която е по-тежка от тринадесет и половина пъти, така че височината на колоната е съкратен еднакво. Така Торичели извършва първия барометър; Единият край е задръстен и стъклена тръба, пълна с живак. Тази тръба се обърна с главата надолу, а отвореният край е потопен във вана, пълна с живак отново. Някои от живак в тръбата потоци във ваната и Меркурий колона се спуска до 760 милиметра в тръбата. Тогава теглото на живак е еквивалентно на атмосферното налягане. В резултат на експериментите с напълнени с живак тръби налягането на морското равнище е 1033 GR/cm ². В геометрията и механиката, никой не се интересуваше от идеите си първо. Торичели също се опита да развие своя ментор, телескоп "Галилео" и собствения си микроскоп.
1643 Торичели вече е изобретил устройството, наречено Меркурий барометър за измерване на налягането на въздуха.
В същото време, Блез Паскал мисълта за използване на барометър за измерване на кота. Тъй като теглото на атмосферата определя височината на живак във вътрешността на тръбата, тази височина ще бъде намален на върха на планината; В горната част на планината, височината на въздушния слой е по-малко от морското равнище и теглото ще бъде по-малко. Съответно височината на колоната на Меркурий показва коя надморска височина сме: това е същността на алтиметъра (кота габарит).
По-късно, промените в атмосферата, намаляване на теглото на атмосферата и възпроизвеждане на височината на колоната Меркурий е разбрана. По този начин, прогнозиране на промяната на въздуха е бил научен от разглеждане на барометър маркери; Съответно, на морското равнище, Меркурий на височина 760 милиметра е знак за "хубаво време". Атмосферното налягане може да се измерва с мина барометър, които са въздушно изцедени консерви.
Как работи това?
Увеличеното въздушно налягане премества колоната на Меркурий и осигурява повишаване на лявата ръка. Междувременно, нивото на живак в дясната ръка намалява. Теглото, което е много малко светлина плувки над Меркурий и се издига с него. Въжето и макара, в зависимост от теглото и противотежест, работи като платформа ролка и те могат да се движат заедно. Тъй като налягането на въздуха се повишава, балансът се влошава и живакът се увеличава, колкото по-ниско е налягането на въздуха, толкова по-голям е балансът и колкото по-ниско е нивото на живак. Това прави ясно и точно измерване.
Барометър за Бар
Принципът на работа на бар барометър е много проста. Налягането на въздуха, приложено към десния резервоар, е най-високото налягане на морското равнище и нивото на течността в лявата ръка се увеличава. Разликата в лявата ръка трябва да е вакуум. Ако има газ, налягането се повишава и започва да бута. Това води до измерването да се появи под действителната стойност.
Барометър барометър
Вакуумната капсула носи "б" движение с лек напредък с "а" промяна на налягането на въздуха. Малък лост, "c", укрепва това движение и го предава на "е" макара през малката верига "d". "F" позициониран на барабана показва най-точния резултат благодарение на индикаторната лента и ' g ' стабилизатор.
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