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Cine este Evangelista Torricelli? , inventarea Barometrului
Evangelista Torricelli s-a născut pe 15 octombrie 1608, în oraşul Italian Faenza, a murit pe 5 octombrie 1647 din Florenţa. El este Italian fizica și matematica savant de renume de cunoscut pentru experimentele pe presiunea de aer liber.
El a atras atenţia lui copilărie Curiozitati despre matematică. În 1627 el a mers la Roma şi a lucrat cu Benedetto Castelli, fondator al ştiinţei hidraulica şi cererea de Galilei. El a început corespondenţa cu Galilei în 1641. Acelaşi an, la recomandarea Castelli,Galileo a invitat Torricelli la Toscana. Câteva săptămâni după întâlnirea cu Galileo, cînd Galilei a murit, a transferat Torricelli, mare duce de Toscana, la biroul său. În1644, a publicat o carte de geometrie şi mecanică. În această carte, care o lacună importantă în domeniul matematicii, prima lucrare a lui Galileo mecanica, centrele de greutate comun organelor interconectate, muta în jos, în timp ce principiul mişcări bruşte poate fi el a fost conectarea.
În loc de apă, Torricelli avut înţelepciunea de a pune puiul (lichid a mea), care a fostmai mare de treisprezece ori şi jumătate, astfel încât înălţimea coloanei a fost scurtat la fel. Astfel Torricelli efectuate, Barometrul prima; Un capăt este înfundat şi o ţeavă de sticlă umplut cu mercur. Această conductă este întoarsă cu susul în jos, şi capătul deschis este muiată într-o cadă de baie umplut cu mercur din nou. Unele dintremercur în fluxul de tub in cada si coloana de mercur coboara pana la 760 milimetri în ţeavă. Apoi greutatea mercurului este echivalentă cu presiunea atmosferică. Ca urmare a experimentelor cu mercur-umplut tuburi, presiunea la nivelul marii a fost 1033 gr/cm ². În geometrie şi mecanică, nimeni păsat despre ideile lor în primul rând.Torricelli au încercat să dezvolte mentorului său, telescopul lui Galileo şi propria microscop.
1643 Torricelli acum a inventat aparatul numit Barometrul de mercur pentru a masura presiunea aerului.
În acelaşi timp, Blaise Pascal gândit folosind barometru pentru a măsura altitudinea.Deoarece greutatea a atmosferei determină înălţimea de mercur in interiorul tevii, această înălţime va fi redusă pe vârful unui munte; La partea de sus a munte, înălţimea stratului de aer este mai mic decât nivelul mării şi greutate va fi mai puţin. În consecinţă, înălţimea coloanei de mercur indică ce altitudine ne aflăm în: aceasta este esenţa altimetru (indicator de altitudine).
Mai târziu, modificările în atmosferă, reduce greutatea a atmosferei şi replicarea înălţimea de coloana de mercur a fost înţeles. Astfel, predicţie de aer schimbare a fost învăţat uitandu-se la markeri Barometrul; În consecinţă, la nivelul mării, mercur la o înălţime de 760 mm este un semn de "vreme frumoasa". Presiunea atmosferică, de asemenea, poate fi măsurată prin mina Barometri de cadouri, care sunt golite de aercutii.
Cum funcţionează?
Presiunea atmosferică crescută se mută în coloana de mercur şi prevede ridicarea braţul stâng. Între timp, scade nivelul de mercur în braţul drept. Greutate, care este foarte puţină lumină pluteste peste mercur şi se ridica cu ea. Frânghie şi role, in functie de greutate si contragreutate, funcţionează ca o platformă de scripete şi se pot muta împreună. Ca presiunea aerului crește, echilibrul se deteriorează şi mercurcreşte, mai mică aer presiune, mai mare echilibru si reduce nivelul de mercur. Acest lucru face o măsurare clare şi precise.
Bar barometru
Principiul de funcţionare al Baroului Barometrul este foarte simplu. Presiunea aeruluiaplicate la rezervorul de dreapta este cea mai mare presiune asupra nivelului măriişi creşte nivelul lichidului în braţul stâng. Decalaj în braţul stâng trebuie să fie unvid. În cazul în care există un gaz, presiunea creşte şi de a începe împingerea. Acest lucru determină măsurarea să apară sub valoarea reală.
Barometru aneroid
Capsula vid poartă o mişcare 'B' cu progresul uşoară cu 'a' schimbarea de presiuneaer. O mică pârghie, 'c', întăreşte această mişcare şi transmite-l 'e' tambur prin mic lant ar '. 'F' poziţionat pe tambur prezinta rezultatul cele mai precise datorită indicator bar şi 'g' stabilizator.
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