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Hvem er Evangelista Torricelli? , oppfinnelsen av barometeret
Evangelista Torricelli ble født på 15 oktober 1608, i den italienske byen i Faenza, døde på 5 oktober 1647 i Firenze. Han er den berømte italienske fysikk og matematikkvitenskapsmannen kjent for sine eksperimenter på åpne lufttrykk.
Han trakk oppmerksomhet til hans barndom nysgjerrighet om matematikk. I 1627 han reiste til Roma og jobbet med Benedetto Castelli, grunnleggeren av hydraulikk vitenskap og etterspørselen av Galilei. Han begynte korrespondanse med Galilei 1641.Samme år, på anbefaling av Castelli invitert Galileo Torricelli til Tuscany. Et par ukeretter møtet mellom Galileo Galilei døde, ble han overført Torricelli, den store hertugav Toscana, til hans kontor. Han publiserte en bok om geometri og mekanikken i 1644. I denne boken, som fyller en viktig gap innen matematikk, første arbeid Galileo,felles tyngdekraften sentrene av sammenkoblede organer, Flytt nedover, mens prinsippet om brå bevegelser kan være han var tilkobling.
I stedet for vann, Torricelli hadde visdom til å sette dama (væske min), som var tyngre enn tretten og en halv ganger, slik at høyden på kolonnen ble forkortet like. Så utført Torricelli første barometeret; Ene enden er tett og et glass rør fylt medkvikksølv. Denne datakanalen er snudd opp ned, og den åpne enden er dyppet i etbadekar fylt med kvikksølv igjen. Noen av kvikksølv i rør flyter i badekaret og Mercury kolonnen ned opptil 760 millimeter i røret. Da tilsvarer vekten av kvikksølv lufttrykk. Som et resultat av eksperimenter med kvikksølv-fylt rør var presset på havet 1033 gr/cm ². Geometri og mekanikere, ingen brydde seg om deres ideer først. Torricelli også forsøkt å utvikle hans mentor, Galileos teleskopet og mikroskopet sin egen.
1643 Torricelli har nå oppfunnet enheten heter kvikksølv-Barometer for å måle lufttrykket.
Samtidig tenkt Blaise Pascal på å bruke barometeret til å måle høyden. Siden vektenav atmosfæren bestemmer høyden på kvikksølvet inne i røret, reduseres denne høyden på toppen av et fjell; På toppen av fjellet, høyden på luften laget er mindre ennhavet og vekten blir mindre. Følgelig høyden på Mercury kolonnen angir hvilken høyde vi er i: Dette er essensen av høydemåler (høyde gauge).
Senere endringer i atmosfæren, redusere vekten av atmosfæren og replikere høyden på Mercury kolonnen ble forstått. Dermed ble prediksjon av romluften endring lært ved å se på barometer markører; Følgelig på havnivå er kvikksølv i en høyde på 760 millimeter et tegn på "vakre Vær". Atmosfærisk trykk kan også måles av min barometer, som luft-tappet bokser.
Hvordan virker det?
Økt lufttrykket flytter mercury kolonnen og gir høyde til venstre arm. I mellomtidenkvikksølv nivået i den høyre armen reduseres. Vekten som er lite lys flyter over kvikksølv og stiger med den. Tau og hjul, avhengig av vekt og motvekt, fungerer som enwiretrekk rigg og de kan flytte sammen. Lufttrykket stiger, balansen forverres og kvikksølv øker, jo lavere lufttrykket, jo høyere balansen og lavere kvikksølv nivå. Dettegjør en klar og presis måling.
Bar Barometer
Operatørselskapene prinsippet av baren barometer er veldig enkel. Lufttrykket på høyre reservoaret er det høyeste presset på havet og væske nivå i venstre arm øker.Gapet i venstre arm må være et vakuum. Hvis det er en gass, trykket stiger og begynner å skyve. Dette fører til målingen skal vises under den faktiske verdien.
Aneroide Barometer
Vakuum kapsel bærer en 'B' bevegelse med liten fremgang med 'a' luften trykk endringen. En liten lever, 'c', styrker denne bevegelsen og sender det til 'e' hjul gjennomde små kjeden ville '. 'F' på hjul viser mest nøyaktige resultatet indikatorlinjen og 'g'stabilisator.
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