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Vem är Evangelista Torricelli? , uppfinningen av Barometern
Evangelista Torricelli föddes den 15 oktober 1608, i den italienska staden Faenza, avled den 5 oktober 1647 i Florens. Han är den berömda italienska fysik och matematik vetenskapsmannen känd för sina experiment med öppen lufttryck.
Han uppmärksammade sin barndom nyfikenhet om matematik. 1627 han reste till Rom och arbetat med Benedetto Castelli, grundare av hydraulik vetenskap och efterfrågan av Galilei. Han började korrespondens med Galilei 1641. Samma år, på rekommendation av Castelli inbjudna Galileo Torricelli till Toscana. Några veckor efter mötet med Galileo Galilei dog överförde han Torricelli, den fantastiska hertig avToscana, till sitt kontor. 1644 publicerade han en bok om geometri och mekanik. I denna bok, som fyller en viktig lucka i matematiken, det första arbetet av Galileos mekanik, gemensam gravitation centrerar av sammankopplade organ, flytta nedåt, medan principen om plötsliga rörelser kan vara han ansluta.
I stället för vatten, Torricelli hade klokheten att sätta ungen (flytande Mine), som vartyngre än tretton och en halv gånger, så höjden av kolumnen förkortades lika. Så Torricelli utförs första barometern; Ena änden är igensatt och ett glas rör fyllda med kvicksilver. Detta röret vänds upp och ner, och den öppna änden doppas i ett badkar fyllt med kvicksilver igen. Några av kvicksilver i tube flödena in i badkaret och kolumnen kvicksilver sluttar upp till 760 millimeter i röret. Då är vikten av kvicksilver motsvarande till atmosfärstryck. Till följd av experiment med kvicksilver-fyllda rör var trycket vid havsytan 1033 gr/cm ². I geometri och mekanik, ingen att bry sig om deras idéer först. Torricelli försökte också att utveckla sin mentor, Galileos teleskop och sitteget Mikroskop.
1643 Torricelli har nu uppfunnit enheten kallas kvicksilver barometern för att mäta lufttrycket.
Samtidigt trodde Blaise Pascal att använda barometern för att mäta höjden. Eftersom tyngden av atmosfären bestämmer höjden av kvicksilvret inuti röret, minskas denna höjd ovanpå ett berg; På toppen av berget, luftlager höjd är mindre än havsytanoch vikten blir mindre. Därför höjden av kolumnen kvicksilver anger vilken höjd vi: Detta är essensen av höjdmätare (höjd gauge).
Senare förändringar i atmosfären, att minska vikten av atmosfären och replikera kolumnen kvicksilver höjd förstods. Således, förutsägelse av luft förändring var lärd genom att titta på barometer markörer; Följaktligen på havsnivå är kvicksilver på en höjd av 760 millimeter ett tecken på ”vackert väder”. Lufttrycket kan också mätas i gruvan barometrar, som är luft-dräneras burkar.
Hur fungerar det?
Ökade lufttrycket flyttar kolumnen kvicksilver och ger höjd i vänster arm. Samtidigtminskar kvicksilver nivån i höger arm. Den vikt som är mycket lite ljus flyter över kvicksilver och stiger med den. De rep och hjul, beroende på vikt och motvikt, fungerarsom en remskiva rigg och de kan flytta tillsammans. Som lufttrycket stiger, balansenförsämras och kvicksilvret ökar, ju lägre lufttrycket, ju högre balansen och den lägrenivån i kvicksilver. Detta gör en tydlig och exakt mätning.
Bar Barometer
De operativa principen av bar barometer är mycket enkel. Lufttrycket tillämpas på rätt reservoaren är det högsta trycket på havsytan och vätskenivån i vänster arm ökar.Klyftan i vänster arm måste vara ett vakuum. Om det finns en gas, trycket stiger ochdet börjar trycka. Detta medför att mätningen ska visas under det faktiska värdet.
ANEROIDBAROMETER
Vakuum kapseln bär en 'B' rörelse med små framsteg med 'a' luft trycket förändringen. En liten spak, 'c', stärker denna rörelse och överför det till de 'e' reel genom denlilla kedjan skulle '. Den 'F' placerad på rulle visar det mest korrekta resultatet tack vare indikator bar och 'g' stabilisator.
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