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Siapakah Evangelista Torricelli? , penemuan barometer
Evangelista Torricelli dilahirkan pada tanggal 15 Oktober 1608, di kota Italia Faenza,meninggal pada 5 Oktober 1647 di Florence. Dia adalah terkenal Italia matematika dan fisika ilmuwan dikenal dengan percobaannya pada tekanan udara terbuka.
Dia menarik perhatian tahunya masa kanak-kanak tentang matematika. Pada tahun 1627 ia pergi ke Roma dan bekerja dengan Benedetto Castelli, pendiri ilmu hidrolikdan permintaan Galilei. Ia memulai korespondensi dengan Galilei tahun 1641. Tahun yang sama, pada rekomendasi Castelli, Galileo mengundang Torricelli untuk Tuscany. Beberapa minggu setelah pertemuan dengan Galileo, ketika Galilei meninggal, iaditransfer Torricelli, Duke besar Tuscany, ke kantornya. Pada tahun 1644 ia menerbitkan buku tentang geometri dan mekanik. Dalam buku ini, yang mengisi kesenjangan penting di bidang matematika, karya pertama Galileo Mekanika, pusat gravitasi umum tubuh saling berhubungan, bergerak ke bawah, sementara prinsip gerakan tiba-tiba bisa ia menghubungkan.
Bukan air, Torricelli memiliki kebijaksanaan untuk meletakkan ayam (cairan saya), yang adalah lebih berat daripada tiga belas setengah kali, jadi tinggi kolom dipersingkat sama. Jadi Torricelli dilakukan barometer pertama; Salah satu ujung yang tersumbat dan pipa kaca yang diisi dengan mercury. Pipa ini adalah terbalik, dan ujung terbuka dicelupkan ke dalam bathtub diisi dengan mercury lagi. Beberapa air raksa dalam tabung mengalir ke dalam bak mandi dan kolom Mercury turun hingga 760 milimeter di dalam pipa. Kemudian berat Merkurius setara dengan tekanan atmosfer. Sebagai hasil dari percobaan dengan tabung penuh Merkurius, tekanan di permukaan laut adalah 1033 gr/cm ². Dalam geometri dan Mekanika, tak ada yang peduli tentang ide-ide mereka pertama. TORRICELLI juga mencoba untuk mengembangkan mentornya, Galileo teleskop dan mikroskop sendiri.
1643 Torricelli sekarang telah menciptakan alat yang disebut Merkurius Barometer untuk mengukur tekanan udara.
Pada saat yang sama, Blaise Pascal berpikir untuk menggunakan barometer untukmengukur ketinggian. Karena berat atmosfer menentukan ketinggian air raksa di dalam pipa, ketinggian ini akan berkurang puncak gunung; Di puncak gunung, tinggi lapisan udara berjarak kurang dari permukaan laut dan berat akan kurang. Dengan demikian, tinggi kolom Mercury menunjukkan ketinggian yang kita berada dalam: iniadalah inti dari altimeter (ketinggian gauge).
Kemudian, perubahan di atmosfer, mengurangi berat atmosfer dan mereplikasi tinggi kolom raksa difahami. Dengan demikian, prediksi udara perubahan dipelajari dengan melihat tanda-tanda barometer; Dengan demikian, pada permukaan laut, Merkurius pada ketinggian 760 milimeter adalah tanda "cuaca yang indah". Tekanan atmosfer dapat juga diukur oleh tambang barometers, yang dikeringkan udara kaleng.
Bagaimana cara kerjanya?
Tekanan udara peningkatan bergerak kolom merkuri dan menyediakan elevasi ke lengan kiri. Sementara itu, mengurangi tingkat raksa di lengan kanan. Berat yang sangat sedikit cahaya mengapung di atas merkuri dan naik dengan itu. Tali dan pening,tergantung pada berat dan pengimbang, bekerja seperti sebuah rig katrol dan mereka mungkin bergerak bersama-sama. Sebagai tekanan udara naik, keseimbangan memburuk dan meningkatkan raksa, semakin rendah udara tekanan, semakin tinggi keseimbangan dan semakin rendah tingkat raksa. Hal ini membuat pengukuran yangjelas dan tepat.
Bar Barometer
Prinsip operasi Bar barometer sangat sederhana. Tekanan udara yang diterapkan tepat reservoir adalah tekanan tertinggi di atas permukaan laut dan meningkatkan tingkat cairan di lengan kiri. Celah di lengan kiri harus vakum. Jika ada gas, tekanan naik dan mulai mendorong. Hal ini menyebabkan pengukuran yang muncul di bawah nilai sebenarnya.
Aneroid Barometer
Kapsul vakum membawa gerakan 'B' dengan sedikit kemajuan dengan perubahan tekanan udara ''. Tuas kecil, 'c', memperkuat gerakan ini dan mentransmisikan itu 'e'reel melalui rantai kecil akan '. 'F' diposisikan pada dansa menunjukkan hasil yang paling akurat indikator bar dan 'g' stabilizer.
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English
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Deutsche
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български
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hrvatski
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čeština
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dansk
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Nederlands
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français
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Ελληνικά
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हिंदी
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Indonesia
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italiano
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norsk
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Polskie
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Português
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românesc
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русский
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slovenský
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español
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Український
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Melayu
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svenska
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ไทย
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Magyar
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việt
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Suomalainen
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