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Tko je Evangelista Torricelli. , izum barometar

Evangelista Torricelli rođen je na Veljača 15, 1608, talijanskog grada Faenza, umro na 5 Kolovoz 1647 u Firenci. On je poznati talijanski matematike i fizike znanstvenik poznat po svojim eksperimentima na otvorenom pritisak.

 

On je privukao pozornost na njegovo djetinjstvo znatiželja o matematici. 1627 je u Rim i radio s Benedetto Castelli, osnivač hidraulika znanosti i potražnje Galilei. On je počeo korespondencije s Galilei u 1641. Iste godine, na preporuku Castelli, Galileo je pozvao Torricelli Toskanu. Nekoliko tjedana nakon sastanka sa Galileo, kada je umroGalilei, prebacio Torricelli, veliki Vojvoda Toskane, u njegov ured. U 1644 objavio je knjigu o geometriji i mehanici. U ovoj knjizi, koja ispunjava važne jaz u području matematike, prvo djelo Galilea mehanika, zajednički centri gravitacije međusobno povezanih tijela, kretanje prema dolje, dok načelo naglih pokreta može biti-nije dovoljno.

 

Umjesto vode, Torricelli je mudrost staviti pile (tekućina mina), koji je bio teži od trinaest i pol puta, tako da visina stupca je skraćena jednako. Tako Torricelli izvodi prvibarometar; Jedan kraj je začepljen i staklene cijevi ispunjene živom. Ovu cijev je okrenuo naglavačke i otvoreni kraj se uroni u kadu napuniti s mercury. Neki žive u cijeviteče u kadu i stupac žive spušta do 760 milimetara u cijevi. Zatim težina Merkur je jednak atmosferskom tlaku. Kao rezultat pokusa s cijevi punjenih Merkur, tlak na razini mora je 1033 gr/cm ². U geometriji i mehanici, nitko nije brinuo o njihovim idejamaprvo. Torricelli također pokušao razviti njegov mentor, Galileo je teleskop i svojim mikroskopom.

 

1643 Torricelli sada je izumio uređaj nazvan Merkur barometar za mjerenje tlaka zraka.

 

U isto vrijeme, Blaise Pascal mislili korištenja barometar za mjerenje Nadmorska visina. Budući da težina atmosferu određuje visina žive unutar cijevi, ova visina će se smanjiti na vrhu planine; Na vrhu planine, visina sloja zraka je manji od visine i težine će biti manje. Prema tome, visine stupac žive pokazuje koje uzdignuće u: to je bit visinomjer (visina reza).

 

Kasnije promjene u atmosferi, smanjuje težina atmosferu i repliciranje Visina stupcažive je shvatio. Dakle, predviđanja promjena klima je naučio gledajući barometar markera; Prema tome, na razini mora, žive na visini od 760 milimetara je znak "lijepo vrijeme". Atmosferski tlak se može mjeriti po mojim barometri, koji su zrak isušen limenke.

 

Kako to funkcionira?

 

Povećani tlak kreće Merkur stup i osigurava podizanje u lijevu ruku. U međuvremenu, smanjuje se razina žive u desnu ruku. Težinu da je vrlo malo svjetlo lebdi nad Merkur i izlazi s njim. Užeta i bubnja, ovisno o težini i protuteže, radi kao valjak opremitii oni mogu krenuti zajedno. Kako raste tlak zraka, stanje se pogoršava i živa povećava, manji zrak pritisak, veći saldo i niže razine Merkur. To čini jasno i precizno mjerenje.

 

Bar barometar

 

Princip rada bar barometar je vrlo jednostavna. Tlak zraka primjenjuje pravo jezero je najveći tlak na morskoj razini i povećava razine tekućine u lijevu ruku. Jaz u lijevu ruku mora biti vakuum. Ako plin, pritisak raste i počne da. To uzrokuje mjerenja ispod stvarne vrijednosti.


 

Aneroid barometar

 

Vakuum kapsula nosi 'B' kretanje sa blagi napredak s 'a' promjena tlaka zraka. Maleručice, 'c', jača taj pokret i prenosi za 'e' bubnja kroz mali lanac bi '. 'F' na kolut pokazuje točnije rezultate zahvaljujući indikator traka i 'g' stabilizator.

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