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Der er Evangelista Torricelli? , opfindelsen af barometeret
Evangelista Torricelli var født på oktober 15, 1608, i den italienske by Faenza, dødeden 5 oktober 1647 i Firenze. Han er den berømte italienske fysik og matematik videnskabsmand kendt for sine eksperimenter med åben lufttryk.
Han henledte opmærksomheden på sin barndom nysgerrighed om matematik. I 1627 han gik til Rom og arbejdet med Benedetto Castelli, grundlæggeren af hydraulikvidenskab og efterspørgsel af Galilei. Han begyndte korrespondance med Galilei i 1641. Samme år, på anbefaling af Castelli inviteret Galileo Torricelli til Toscana. Et paruger efter mødet med Galileo, når Galilei døde, skiftede han Torricelli, den store hertugen af Toscana, til sit kontor. I 1644 udgav han en bog om geometri og mekanik. Idenne bog, som udfylder en vigtig tomrum inden for matematik, det første værk afGalileos mekanik, de fælles tyngdekraften Centre af sammenkoblede organer, flyttenedad, mens princippet om pludselige bevægelser kan være han tilslutning.
I stedet for vand, Torricelli havde visdom til at sætte chick (flydende minen), som blev tungere end tretten og en halv gange, så højden af kolonnen blev afkortet lige så.Så Torricelli udføres den første barometer; Ene ende er tilstoppede og et glas rør fyldt med kviksølv. Dette rør er vendt op og ned, og den åbne ende er dyppet i et badekar fyldt med kviksølv igen. Nogle af kviksølv i tube flyder ind i badekarret og kolonnen kviksølv ned op til 760 millimeter i røret. Så svarer vægten af kviksølv til atmosfærisk tryk. Som følge af eksperimenter med kviksølv-fyldt rør blev trykket ved havoverfladen 1033 gr/cm ². I geometri og mekanik, ingen brød sig om deres ideer først.Torricelli også forsøgt at udvikle sin mentor, Galileos kikkert og sin egen mikroskop.
1643 Torricelli har nu opfundet enheden hedder Mercury barometeret for at måle luftens tryk.
På samme tid tænkt Blaise Pascal på at bruge barometeret til at måle elevation. Davægten af atmosfæren bestemmer højden af kviksølv inde i røret, vil denne højde blive reduceret på toppen af et bjerg; På toppen af bjerget, højden af laget air ligger under havets overflade og vægt vil være mindre. I overensstemmelse hermed, højdenaf kviksølv kolonne angiver hvilke elevation, vi er i: Dette er essensen af højdemåler(højde sporvidde).
Senere ændringer i atmosfæren, at reducere vægten af atmosfæren og replikere højden af kolonnen kviksølv blev forstået. Således var forudsigelse af luftskifte lært vedat kigge på barometeret markører; I overensstemmelse hermed, ved havoverfladen,kviksølv i en højde af 760 millimeter er et tegn på "smukke vejr". Atmosfærisk tryk kan også måles ved mine barometre, der er luft-drænet dåser.
Hvordan virker det?
Øget lufttryk flytter kolonnen kviksølv og giver højde til venstre arm. I mellemtiden,kviksølv i højre arm sænkes. Den vægt, der er meget lidt lys svæver over kviksølv ogstiger med det. Reb og hjul, afhængigt af vægt og modvægt, fungerer som en trisserig og de kan flytte sammen. Som lufttrykket stiger, forringes, balancen og kviksølvet stiger, jo lavere luften pres, jo højere balancen og jo lavere kviksølv niveau. Dette gør en klar og præcis måling.
Bar Barometer
Drifts-princip i baren barometer er meget enkel. Lufttrykket anvendes til de rigtige reservoir er det højeste Tryk på havets overflade og væskeniveau i venstre arm øger.Hullet i venstre arm skal være et tomrum. Hvis der er en gas, trykket stiger, og det begynder at skubbe. Dette forårsager måling vises under den faktiske værdi.
Aneroid Barometer
Vakuum kapslen bærer en 'B' bevægelse med lille fremskridt med 'a' luft pres ændringen. Et lille håndtag, 'c', styrker denne bevægelse og sender det til 'e' hjul gennemden lille kæde ønsker '. «F» placeret på rullen viser det mest præcise resultat indikator bar og 'g' stabilisator.
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