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Kdo je Evangelista Torricelli? , vynález barometru
Evangelista Torricelli se narodil 15. října 1608, v italském městě Faenza, zemřel 5. října 1647 ve Florencii. On je slavný italský fyziky a matematiky vědec známý pro jeho experimenty na Open Air tlaku.
Soustředil pozornost na svou dětskou zvědavost na matematiku. V 1627 odešel do Říma a pracoval s Benedetto Castelli, zakladatelem hydrauliky Science a poptávkou Galileiho. V roce 1641 zahájil korespondenci s Galileim. Ve stejném roce, na doporučení Castelli, Galileo pozval Torricelli do Toskánska. Několik týdnů po setkání s Galileo, když Galilei zemřel, on převedl Torricelli, velký vévoda z Toskánska, do své kanceláře. V 1644 publikoval knihu o geometrii a mechanice. V této knize, která vyplňuje významnou mezeru v oblasti matematiky, první práce mechaniky Galileo, společné gravitační centra vzájemně propojených subjektů, pohyb směrem dolů, zatímco Princip náhlé pohyby může být on se připojuje.
Místo vody, Torricelli měl moudrost dát mládě (tekuté dolu), který byl těžší než třináct a půl krát, takže výška kolony byla zkrácena stejně. Takže Torricelli provádí první barometr; Jeden konec je ucpaný a skleněná trubka plná rtuti. Tato trubka se obrátil vzhůru nohama, a otevřený konec je ponořen do vany naplněné rtutí znovu. Některé rtuť v trubce teče do vany a rtuť sloupec klesá až do 760 milimetrů v trubce. Pak hmotnost rtuti je ekvivalentní atmosférickému tlaku. V důsledku experimentů s trubkami naplněné rtutí byl tlak na hladině moře 1033 gr/cm ². V geometrii a mechanice, nikdo nestaral o své nápady jako první. Torricelli také snažil vyvinout jeho mentor, Galileo je dalekohled a jeho vlastní mikroskop.
1643 Torricelli má nyní vynalezl zařízení zvané rtuť Barometr pro měření tlaku vzduchu.
Ve stejné době, Blaise Pascal myšlenka použití barometru k měření elevace. Vzhledem k tomu, hmotnost atmosféry určuje výšku rtuti uvnitř potrubí, tato výška bude snížena na vrcholu hory; V horní části hory, Výška vzduchové vrstvy je menší než hladina moře a hmotnost bude menší. Z toho vyplývá, že výška sloupce rtuti udává, ve které výšce se nacházíme: to je podstata výškoměru (výškový obrys).
Později se chápaly změny v atmosféře, čímž se snížila tíha atmosféry a kopíruje se výška kolony rtuti. Tak, predikce změny vzduchu se naučil při pohledu na barometr markery; V souladu s tím, na úrovni moře, rtuť ve výšce 760 milimetrů je znamením "krásné počasí". Atmosférický tlak může být také měřen podle důlní barometry, které jsou vzduch-odvodněné plechovky.
Jak to funguje?
Zvýšený tlak vzduchu se pohybuje ve sloupci rtuti a zajišťuje elevaci levé paže. Mezitím klesá hladina rtuti v pravé paži. Váha, která je velmi málo světla plave přes rtuť a stoupá s ním. Lano a naviják, v závislosti na váze a protizávaží, funguje jako řemenice plošiny a mohou se pohybovat společně. Jak stoupá tlak vzduchu, bilance se zhoršuje a rtuť se zvyšuje, nižší tlak vzduchu, čím vyšší je rovnováha a nižší úroveň rtuti. Díky tomu je jasné a přesné měření.
Bar barometr
Provozní princip bar barometr je velmi jednoduchý. Tlak vzduchu aplikovaný na správnou nádrž je nejvyšší tlak na hladinu moře a hladina kapaliny v levé paži se zvyšuje. Mezera v levé paži musí být vakuum. Pokud je plyn, tlak stoupá a začíná tlačit. To způsobí, že se měření zobrazí pod skutečnou hodnotou.
Rozsah barometr
Vakuová kapsle nese "B" pohyb s mírným pokrokem s ' a ' změna tlaku vzduchu. Malá páka, ' c ', posiluje tento pohyb a přenáší ji na ' e ' naviják přes malý řetěz 'd '. "F" umístěný na válci ukazuje nejpřesnější výsledek díky indikační liště a stabilizátoru "g".
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