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Siapakah Evangelista Torricelli? , ciptaan memberangsangkan
Evangelista Torricelli telah dilahirkan pada 15 Oktober, 1608, di bandar Itali Faenza,meninggal dunia pada 5 Oktober 1647 di Florence. Beliau juga terkenal Itali fizik dan matematik saintis terkenal kerana ujikaji mengenai tekanan udara terbuka.
Beliau menarik perhatian kepada rasa ingin tahu kanak-kanak beliau tentang matematik. 1627 beliau pergi ke Rom dan bekerja dengan Benedetto Castelli, pengasas Sains hidraulik dan permintaan berjalan. Beliau memulakan surat-menyurat dengan berjalan pada 1641. Tahun yang sama, atas syor Castelli, Galileo dijemput Torricelli untuk Tuscany. Beberapa minggu selepas pertemuan dengan Galileo, apabila berjalanmeninggal dunia, beliau dipindahkan Torricelli, Duke Tuscany besar, ke pejabatnya.Pada 1644, beliau menerbitkan sebuah buku mengenai geometri dan mekanik. Dalam buku ini, yang mengisi jurang yang penting dalam bidang Matematik, kerja-kerjapertama di Galileo mekanik, Pusat graviti bersama badan-badan yang saling, bergerak ke bawah, walaupun prinsip pergerakan secara tiba-tiba boleh jadi dia adalah bersambung.
Bukannya air, Torricelli memiliki kebijaksanaan untuk meletakkan anak ayam itu (cecair lombong), yang adalah lebih berat daripada tiga belas setengah kali, jadi ketinggian tiang ialah dipendekkan sama-sama. Jadi Torricelli prestasi memberangsangkanyang pertama; Satu hujung tersumbat dan paip kaca yang dipenuhi denganmerkuri. Paip ini dipasang terbalik, dan akhir terbuka menurun dalam tab mandi yang dipenuhi dengan merkuri lagi. Sebahagian daripada merkuri dalam aliran tiub ke dalam tab mandi dan medan merkuri keturunan sehingga 760 millimeter tingginyadalam paip. Maka berat merkuri adalah bersamaan dengan tekanan atmosfera. Hasil daripada eksperimen dengan tiub berisi mercury, tekanan pada aras laut adalah 1033 gr/cm ². Geometri dan mekanik, tiada siapa mengambil berat tentang idea-idea mereka terlebih dahulu. Torricelli juga cuba untuk membangunkan mentornya, teleskop di Galileo dan mikroskop sendiri.
1643 Torricelli sekarang telah mencipta peranti yang dipanggil Barometer raksa untuk mengukur tekanan udara.
Pada masa yang sama, Blaise Pascal berfikir menggunakan memberangsangkan untuk mengukur ketinggian. Oleh kerana berat atmosfera menentukan ketinggian raksa di dalam paip, ketinggian ini akan dikurangkan di atas Bukit; Di bahagian atas gunung, ketinggian lapisan udara adalah kurang daripada paras laut dan berat akan kurang. Oleh itu, ketinggian tiang Mercury menunjukkan ketinggian yang kami beradadi: Inilah intipati altimeter (mengukur ketinggian).
Kemudian, perubahan dalam atmosfera, mengurangkan berat atmosfera dan ketinggian tiang Mercury mereplikakan difahami. Oleh itu, jangkaan untuk penukaran udara adalah belajar dengan melihat penanda barometer; Sehubungan dengan itu, pada aras laut, mercury pada ketinggian 760 millimeter tingginya adalah tanda "indah cuaca". Tekanan atmosfera juga dapat diukur melalui lombong barometers, yang tindisalirkan udara.
Bagaimana ia berfungsi?
Tekanan meningkat udara bergerak medan merkuri dan menyediakan ketinggian kebahagian kiri. Sementara itu, tahap merkuri dalam bahagian kanan berkurangan. Berat badan yang sangat sedikit cahaya mengapung ke atas merkuri dan meningkat dengannya. Tali dan kekili, bergantung kepada berat dan politik, kerja-kerja seperti pelantar pulley dan mereka boleh bergerak bersama-sama. Kerana tekanan udara meningkat, baki merosot dan mercury dalam meningkatkan, yang lebih rendah udara tekanan, semakin tinggi kira-kira dan rendah tahap merkuri. Ini membuat pengukuranyang jelas dan tepat.
Bar alat pengukur
Prinsip operasi bar alat pengukur adalah sangat mudah. Tekanan udara yang digunakan untuk takungan betul adalah tekanan tinggi pada paras laut dan meningkatkan paras cecair di bahagian kiri. Jurang di bahagian kiri mestilah kekosongan jawatan.Jika terdapat gas, tekanan yang meningkat dan ia mula menolak. Hal ini menyebabkan ukuran untuk muncul di bawah nilai sebenar.
Aneroid Barometer
Kapsul vakum membawa gerakan 'B' dengan sedikit kemajuan dengan 'a' perubahan tekanan yang dingin. Tuil kecil, 'c', menguatkan pergerakan ini dan menghantar ia'e' kekili melalui rantai kecil akan '. 'F' di kekili dengan menunjukkan keputusan yangpaling tepat terima-kasih kepada bar penunjuk dan 'g' penstabil.
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