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Chi è Evangelista Torricelli? , l'invenzione del barometro
Evangelista Torricelli nacque il 15 ottobre 1608, nella città italiana di Faenza, morto il 5 ottobre 1647 a Firenze. Egli è il famoso scienziato italiano di fisica e matematica noto per i suoi esperimenti sulla pressione all'aria aperta.
Ha attirato l'attenzione sulla sua curiosità infantile sulla matematica. Nel 1627 si recò a Roma e lavorò con Benedetto Castelli, il fondatore della scienza dell'idraulica e la richiesta di Galilei. Iniziò la corrispondenza con Galilei nel 1641. Lo stesso anno, su raccomandazione di castelli, Galileo invitò Torricelli in Toscana. Poche settimane dopo l'incontro con Galileo, quando Galilei morì, nel suo ufficio trasferì Torricelli, il grande duca di Toscana. Nel 1644 pubblicò un libro sulla geometria e la meccanica. In questo libro, che colma un divario importante nel campo della matematica, il primo lavoro della meccanica di Galileo, i comuni centri gravitazionali di corpi interconnessi, si muovono verso il basso, mentre il principio dei movimenti bruschi può essere che stava collegando.
Invece di acqua, Torricelli aveva la saggezza di mettere il pulcino (mine liquide), che era più pesante di tredici volte e mezzo, così l'altezza della colonna è stata accorciata ugualmente. Così Torricelli eseguì il primo barometro; Un'estremità è ostruita e un tubo di vetro riempito di mercurio. Questo tubo è capovolto, e l'estremità aperta è immersa in una vasca da bagno riempita di mercurio. Alcuno del mercurio nel tubo fluisce nella vasca da bagno e la colonna del mercurio scende fino a 760 millimetri nel tubo. Allora il peso del mercurio è equivalente alla pressione atmosferica. Come risultato degli esperimenti con i tubi mercurio-riempiti, la pressione al livello del mare era 1033 gr/cm ². Nella geometria e nella meccanica, nessuno si preoccupava prima delle loro idee. Torricelli tentò anche di sviluppare il suo mentore, il telescopio di Galileo e il suo microscopio.
1643 Torricelli ha ora inventato il dispositivo chiamato barometro Mercury per misurare la pressione dell'aria.
Allo stesso tempo, Blaise Pascal pensò di usare il barometro per misurare l'elevazione. Poiché il peso dell'atmosfera determina l'altezza del mercurio all'interno del tubo, questa altezza sarà ridotta in cima ad una montagna; Nella parte superiore della montagna, l'altezza dello strato d'aria è inferiore al livello del mare e il peso sarà inferiore. Di conseguenza, l'altezza della colonna Mercury indica quale elevazione ci troviamo: questa è l'essenza dell'altimetro (Misuratore di elevazione).
Più tardi, i cambiamenti nell'atmosfera, riducendo il peso dell'atmosfera e replicando l'altezza della colonna di mercurio è stato capito. Così, la previsione del cambiamento di aria è stata appresa osservando i marcatori del barometro; Di conseguenza, al livello del mare, il mercurio ad un'altezza di 760 millimetri è un segno di "bel tempo". La pressione atmosferica può anche essere misurata dai barometri della miniera, che sono latte aria-vuotati.
Come funziona?
La pressione d'aria aumentata sposta la colonna del mercurio e fornisce l'altezza al braccio di sinistra. Nel frattempo, il livello di mercurio nel braccio destro diminuisce. Il peso che è molto poca luce fluttua sopra mercurio e aumenta con esso. La fune e la bobina, a seconda del peso e del contrappeso, funzionano come un impianto di pulegge e possono muoversi insieme. Mentre la pressione d'aria aumenta, l'equilibrio si deteriora ed il mercurio aumenta, più basso la pressione d'aria, più alta l'equilibrio e più basso il livello del mercurio. Questo rende una misura chiara e precisa.
Barometro bar
Il principio di funzionamento del barometro della barra è molto semplice. La pressione dell'aria applicata al serbatoio di destra è la più alta pressione sul livello del mare ed il livello del liquido nel braccio di sinistra aumenta. Il divario nel braccio sinistro deve essere un vuoto. Se c'è un gas, la pressione aumenta e comincia a spingere. Questo fa sì che la misura appaia sotto il valore effettivo.
Barometro aneroide
La capsula del vuoto trasporta un movimentò B'con lieve progresso con il cambiamento di pressione dell'arià a'. Una piccola leva, ' c', rafforza questo movimento e la trasmette alla bobinà è attraverso la piccola catenà d'. Là F'posizionata sulla bobina Mostra il risultato più accurato grazie alla barra indicatore e allo stabilizzatoré g'.
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