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Wie is Evangelista Torricelli? , de uitvinding van de barometer
Evangelista Torricelli werd geboren op 15 oktober 1608, in de Italiaanse stad van Faenza, stierf op 5 oktober 1647 in Florence. Hij is de beroemde Italiaanse natuurkunde en wiskunde wetenschapper bekend voor zijn experimenten op open luchtdruk.
Hij vestigde de aandacht op zijn kindertijd nieuwsgierigheid over wiskunde. In 1627ging hij naar Rome en werkte met Benedetto Castelli, de oprichter van de wetenschap van de hydraulica en de vraag van Galilei. Hij begon de correspondentie bij Galilei in 1641. Datzelfde jaar, op aanbeveling van Castelli, Galileo uitgenodigd Torricellinaar Toscane. Een paar weken na de ontmoeting met Galileo, toen Galilei stierf, overgeplaatst hij Torricelli, de groot hertog van Toscane, naar zijn kantoor. In 1644 publiceerde hij een boek over meetkunde en mechanica. In dit boek, dat vult een belangrijke leemte in het deelgebied van de wiskunde, is het verplaatsen van het eerste werk van Galileo de mechanica, de gemeenschappelijke centra van de zwaartekracht van onderling verbonden organen, naar beneden, terwijl het beginsel van plotselingebewegingen kan hij was aansluiten.
In plaats van water, Torricelli had de wijsheid om te zetten van het kuiken (vloeistofde mijne), die was zwaarder dan dertien en een half tijden, dus de hoogte van de kolom even werd verkort. Dus de Torricelli uitgevoerd de eerste barometer; Ene uiteinde is verstopt en een glazen pijp gevuld met kwik. Deze pijp is gedraaidebovenkant-neer, en het open uiteinde wordt ondergedompeld in een badkuip gevuld met kwik weer. Sommige van het kwik in de buis stroomt in de badkuip en de kolom kwik daalt tot 760 millimeter in de pijp. Het gewicht van kwik is dan gelijk aan atmosferische druk. Als gevolg van de experimenten met kwik gevulde buizen was dedruk op zeeniveau 1033 gr/cm ². In de meetkunde en mechanica gaf niemand om hun ideeën eerst. Torricelli ook geprobeerd zijn mentor, Galileo's telescoop en zijn eigen Microscoop te ontwikkelen.
1643 Torricelli heeft nu het apparaat genaamd de kwik Barometer voor het meten van de luchtdruk uitgevonden.
Op hetzelfde moment, Blaise Pascal gedacht van het gebruik van de barometer voor het meten van de hoogte. Omdat het gewicht van de atmosfeer de hoogte van hetkwik in de pijp bepaalt, zal deze hoogte worden verminderd op de top van eenberg; Op de top van de berg, de hoogte van de laag lucht kleiner is dan het zeeniveau en het gewicht kan minder zijn. Dienovereenkomstig, de hoogte van de kwik kolom geeft aan welke hoogte wij: dit is de essentie van hoogtemeter (hoogte meter).
Later, de veranderingen in de atmosfeer, de vermindering van het gewicht van de sfeer en het repliceren van de hoogte van de kolom kwik werd begrepen. Dus, de voorspelling van lucht verandering werd geleerd door te kijken naar de barometer markers; Bijgevolg op zeeniveau is op een hoogte van 760 millimeter kwik een teken van"mooi weer". Luchtdruk kan ook worden gemeten door mijn barometers, die lucht-gedraineerd blikjes.
Hoe werkt het?
De verhoogde luchtdruk omhoog om de kolom kwik en biedt tot misbruik van bevoegdheden naar de linkerarm. Ondertussen daalt het kwik-niveau in de rechterarm. Het gewicht dat is weinig licht zweeft over kwik en stijgt mee. Het touw en de reel, afhankelijk van gewicht en tegenwicht, werkt als een katrol tuig en zij samen kunnen circuleren. Als de luchtdruk stijgt, het saldo verslechtert en het kwik stijgt, hoe lagerde lucht druk, hoe hoger het saldo en hoe lager het niveau van het kwik. Dit maakteen duidelijke en precieze meting.
Bar Barometer
Het werkingsprincipe van de balk barometer is zeer eenvoudig. De luchtdruk toegepast op het juiste reservoir is de hoogste druk op zeeniveau en het vloeistofniveau in de linkerarm verhoogt. De kloof in de linker arm moet een vacuüm. Als er een gas,de druk stijgt en het begint te duwen. Dit zorgt ervoor dat de metingen die moetenworden weergegeven onder de werkelijke waarde.
Aneroid Barometer
De vacuüm capsule draagt een 'B' beweging met lichte vooruitgang met de 'a'Druk-wijziging van de lucht. Een kleine hendel, 'c', deze beweging versterkt en stuurt haar door naar de 'e' zou rollen door de kleine keten '. De 'F' geplaatst op de haspel toont het meest nauwkeurige resultaat dankzij de balk van de indicator en de 'g'stabilisator.
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