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Kdo je Alfred Bernhard Nobel?

Alfred Bernhard Nobel (21. října 1833, Stockholm, Švédsko – 10. prosince 1896, San Remo, Itálie), Švédský chemik a inženýr, vynálezce dynamitu.

 

Hledal způsob, jak používat nitroglycerin jako výbušnou látku. V 1863 začal dělat malé množství nitroglycerinu ve Stockholmu. Na konci několika měsíců výzkumu, laboratoř se zhroutila s výbuchem. Ve své práci, Alfred Nobel založil novou továrnu v 1865, a po chvíli otevřel svou druhou továrnu. V 1864 vzal výsledky svého výzkumu a našel dynamit prášek. Pokračování jeho výzkum, Nobel navrhl nový druh střelného prachu s názvem balistit v 1877. V 1879, Nobel založil laboratoř v blízkosti Paříže, kde našel odpuzující střelný prach, který byl nazýván bezdýmný střelný prach během jeho studií, skládající se z nitrocelulóza směs nitroglycerinu ve stejném množství.

 

O několik let později podal žalobu proti britské vládě na výbušnou látku zvanou kordit, ale ten případ ztratil. V Alianci proti Francii v tomto období, Nobel spolupracoval s Itálií, opouštět Paříž v důsledku kampaní proti Itálii, se přestěhoval do San Remo, kde se přestěhoval do laboratoře.

Nobel zemřel na mozkové krvácení v San Remo v 1896. V jeho vůli, chtěl, aby jeho dědictví, které mají být použity ve směru Nobelovy ceny a 33 200 000 korun, které mají být předloženy ke službě lidstva každý rok.

 

Tato ocenění by byla udělována v celkem pěti oborech, včetně fyziky, chemie, medicíny nebo fyziologie, literatury a míru. Nobel bude mít velkou debatu před tímto zákonem. V roce 1900 však Nobelova cena ve švédské vládě založila Nobelovu nadaci, která byla pravidelně udělována. Později v 1968, švédská banka se rozhodla dát ekonomickou cenu na památku Alfreda Nobela, a cena byla poprvé udělena v 1969.

 

Nobelium, syntetický prvek, byl pojmenován v jeho paměti.

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