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Qui est Alfred Bernhard Nobel?

Alfred Bernhard Nobel (21 octobre 1833, Stockholm, Suède – 10 décembre 1896, San Remo, Italie), chimiste et ingénieur suédois, inventeur de dynamite.

 

Il a cherché la façon d'utiliser la nitroglycérine comme substance explosive. En 1863, il a commencé à faire une petite quantité de nitroglycérine à Stockholm. À la fin de quelques mois de recherche, le labo s'est effondré avec une explosion. Poursuivant son travail, Alfred Nobel fonde une nouvelle usine en 1865, et après un certain temps, il ouvre sa deuxième usine. En 1864, il a pris les résultats de ses recherches et a trouvé la poudre de dynamite. Poursuivant ses recherches, Nobel a conçu un nouveau type de poudre à Canon appelé Balistit en 1877. En 1879, le Nobel a fondé un laboratoire dans le proche Paris, où il a trouvé la poudre répulsif, qui a été appelé poudre sans fumée au cours de ses études, consistant en mélange de nitrocellulose de nitroglycérine en quantités égales.

 

Quelques années plus tard, il a intenté une poursuite contre le gouvernement britannique sur une substance explosive appelée Kordit, mais il a perdu l'affaire. Dans une alliance contre la France au cours de cette période, le Nobel a coopéré avec l'Italie, quittant Paris à la suite des campagnes contre l'Italie, a déménagé à San Remo, où il a déménagé son laboratoire.

Nobel est mort d'une hémorragie cérébrale à San Remo en 1896. Dans son testament, il voulait que son héritage soit utilisé dans la direction des prix Nobel et les 33,2 millions couronnes soient présentées au service de l'humanité chaque année.

 

Ces prix seraient attribués dans un total de cinq branches, y compris la physique, la chimie, la médecine ou la physiologie, la littérature et la paix. Le Nobel aura fait un grand débat avant ce testament. Toutefois, en 1900, le prix Nobel du gouvernement suédois a fondé la Fondation Nobel, qui a été donnée régulièrement. Plus tard, en 1968, la banque suédoise a décidé de donner un prix économique à la mémoire d'Alfred Nobel, et le prix a été décerné pour la première fois en 1969.

 

Le nobelial, un élément synthétique, a été nommé dans sa mémoire.

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