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Siapakah Alfred Bernhard Nobel?

Alfred Nobel Bernhard (21 Oktober 1833, Stockholm, Sweden – 10 Disember 1896,San Remo, Itali), ahli kimia Sweden dan jurutera, pencipta bahan letupan dinamit.

 

Dia mencari cara untuk menggunakan nitroglycerin sebagai satu bahan letupan. Pada tahun 1863, beliau mula membuat sedikit nitroglycerin di Stockholm. Pada akhirbulan beberapa penyelidikan, makmal runtuh dengan letupan. Meneruskankerjanya, Alfred Nobel mengasaskan sebuah kilang baru pada 1865, dan selepas beberapa ketika, beliau membuka kilangnya yang kedua. Pada tahun 1864, beliau mengambil keputusan kajiannya dan mendapati serbuk dinamit. Meneruskan kajian beliau, Nobel direka jenis baru mesiu yang dikenali sebagai Balistit pada tahun 1877. Dalam tahun 1879, Nobel yang ditubuhkan sebuah Makmal di Paris berhampiran, di mana beliau mendapati mesiu penghalau, yang dipanggil mesiu tanpa asap semasa pengajiannya, terdiri daripada campuran nitrocellulose nitrogliserin dalam kuantiti yang sama.

 

Beberapa tahun kemudian, beliau akan mengemukakan saman terhadap Kerajaan British pada satu bahan letupan yang dipanggil kordit, tetapi dia kalah kes. Dalam perikatan terhadap Perancis dalam tempoh ini, Nobel bekerjasama dengan Itali, meninggalkan Paris akibat daripada kempen-kempen menentang Itali, berpindah ke San Remo, di mana beliau berpindah makmalnya.

Nobel meninggal dunia akibat pendarahan otak di San Remo pada tahun 1896. Dalam wasiatnya, dia mahu warisan beliau akan digunakan ke arah Hadiah Nobel danMahkota 33.2 juta yang akan dibentangkan kepada perkhidmatan manusia setiap tahun.

 

Anugerah-anugerah ini akan diberi sejumlah lima cawangan, termasuk fizik, kimia, perubatan atau fisiologi, kesusasteraan dan keamanan. Nobel yang telah membuat perbahasan yang besar sebelum perjanjian ini. Walau bagaimanapun, pada tahun 1900, Hadiah Nobel Kerajaan Sweden mengasaskan Yayasan Nobel, yang telah diberikan secara tetap. Kemudian pada tahun 1968, bank Sweden memutuskan untuk memberikan Hadiah ekonomi untuk peringatan Alfred Nobel, dan Anugerah pertama dianugerahkan pada tahun 1969.

 

"Nobelium", unsur sintetik, dinamakan dalam ingatannya.

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