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Chi è Alfred Bernhard Nobel?

Alfred Bernhard Nobel (21 ottobre 1833, Stoccolma, Svezia – 10 dicembre 1896, Sanremo, Italia), chimico e ingegnere svedese, inventore della dinamite.

 

Ha cercato il modo di usare la nitroglicerina come sostanza esplosiva. Nel 1863 iniziò a fare una piccola quantità di nitroglicerina a Stoccolma. Alla fine di alcuni mesi di ricerca, il laboratorio crollò con un'esplosione. Continuando il suo lavoro, Alfred Nobel fondò una nuova fabbrica nel 1865, e dopo un po' aprì la sua seconda fabbrica. Nel 1864 ha preso i risultati della sua ricerca e ha trovato la polvere di dinamite. Continuando la sua ricerca, Nobel ha progettato un nuovo tipo di polvere da sparo chiamato Balistit nel 1877. Nel 1879, il Nobel fondò un laboratorio nella vicina Parigi, dove trovò la polvere da sparo repellente, che fu chiamata polvere da sparo senza fumo durante i suoi studi, costituita da una miscela di nitrocellulosa di nitroglicerina in quantità uguali.

 

Pochi anni dopo, ha presentato una causa contro il governo britannico su una sostanza esplosiva chiamata Kordit, ma ha perso il caso. In un'alleanza contro la Francia durante questo periodo, Nobel ha cooperato con l'Italia, lasciante Parigi come conseguenza delle campagne contro l'Italia, si è mosso verso San Remo, dove ha spostato il suo laboratorio.

Nobel è morto di emorragia cerebrale a San Remo in 1896. Nel suo volere, egli volle che la sua eredità venisse usata in direzione dei premi Nobel e che le 33,2 milioni corone venissero presentate al servizio dell'umanità ogni anno.

 

Questi premi sarebbero assegnati in un totale di cinque rami, compreso la fisica, la chimica, la medicina o la fisiologia, la letteratura e la pace. Il Nobel avrà fatto un grande dibattito prima di questo testamento. Tuttavia, nel 1900, il premio Nobel nel governo svedese fondò la Fondazione Nobel, che è stato dato regolarmente. Più tardi nel 1968, la banca svedese ha deciso di dare un premio economico in memoria di Alfred Nobel, e il premio è stato assegnato per la prima volta nel 1969.

 

Nobelium, un elemento sintetico, è stato chiamato nella sua memoria.

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